Students aged 5-15 face a host of academic and social challenges. Common Core Standards for English Language Arts and Mathematics were implemented in 2012 in all NYC schools, beginning at the elementary level. Proficiency in these standards varies greatly by race and disability status. Yet students’ level of proficiency is often affected by the quality of their teachers and schools. Students in higher-income households enjoy better quality schools, which may include greater feelings of safety.

To understand Elementary and Middle School Education in the context of inequality, we used four indicators:

• Race & Math Proficiency
• Race & Principal Experience
• Income & School Safety
• Disability & English Proficiency

Look at the chart to your right for an overall picture of this topic, and then explore each indicator for more detail and additional findings.